Earth Support Corp

Guide · Boston and Massachusetts

Your neighbor is excavating: what to ask for

When the lot next door is dug out for a new building or a deeper basement, the work comes close to your foundation. Massachusetts rules put real duties on the project. Here is what they are, what to ask the builder for in writing, and what to do if something changes.

For owners and condo boards next to a dig, the architects and engineers advising them, and builders who get the same questions.

This is general information, not legal advice. It is not a substitute for the code, your building department, your own engineer or a lawyer.

The short answer

What the code requires of the project

What to ask for, in writing

The support-of-excavation design, a pre-construction condition survey of your building, the monitoring plan and its readings, the schedule and working hours, a named contact, insurance certificates, and who to call about damage. The full list

If something changes

Photograph it, tell the builder in writing, and contact Boston ISD at 617-635-5300 or 311. If a structure is moving or at risk of collapse, get everyone out and call 911.

01 · Your rights and the builder's duties

What Massachusetts rules require

Massachusetts has one building code for all its cities and towns (780 CMR 101.2 (opens in a new tab)). The Tenth Edition (Mass.gov (opens in a new tab)) adopts the 2021 International Building Code by reference, with state amendments (780 CMR 101.1 (opens in a new tab)). In Boston, the Inspectional Services Department enforces building regulations (Boston ISD (opens in a new tab)).

Each card gives a plain reading first, then the exact text and where it is printed. Checked September 2026.

780 CMR 3307.1

Adjoining property must be protected, and you must get written notice

The code requires adjoining property to be protected from damage while the work goes on, and names footings, foundations and party walls. Whoever makes or causes the excavation must give the owners of adjoining buildings written notice, delivered at least 10 days before the scheduled start of excavation.

Exact text

3307.1 Adjoining public and private property shall be protected from damage during construction, remodeling and demolition work. Protection shall be provided for footings, foundations, party walls, chimneys, skylights and roofs. Provisions shall be made to control water runoff and erosion during construction or demolition activities. The person making or causing an excavation to be made shall provide written notice to the owners of adjoining buildings advising them that the excavation is to be made and that the adjoining buildings should be protected. Said notification shall be delivered not less than 10 days prior to the scheduled starting date of the excavation.

2021 IBC text. Massachusetts adopts it by reference and its Chapter 33 amendments leave Section 3307 unchanged. Source: 2021 IBC 3307.1 (opens in a new tab), 780 CMR Ch. 33 amendments (opens in a new tab), 780 CMR Ch. 1 (opens in a new tab).

780 CMR 3307.2

An engineer designs the support, and the design includes monitoring

Where a retention system (the wall or bracing that holds the ground back) protects adjacent structures, a registered design professional has to design it. The design has to include monitoring of the system and of adjacent structures for horizontal and vertical movement, and the system can come out only once backfill or the new building takes over.

Exact text

3307.2 Where a retention system is used to provide support of an excavation for protection of adjacent structures, the system shall conform to the requirements in Sections 3307.2.1 through 3307.2.3.

3307.2.1 Excavation retention systems shall be designed by a registered design professional to provide vertical and lateral support.

3307.2.2 The retention system design shall include requirements for monitoring of the system and adjacent structures for horizontal and vertical movement.

3307.2.3 Elements of the system shall only be removed or decommissioned where adequate replacement support is provided by backfill or by the new structure. Removal or decommissioning shall be performed in such a manner that protects the adjacent property.

2021 IBC text, not amended in Massachusetts. Source: 2021 IBC 3307.2 (opens in a new tab), 780 CMR Ch. 33 amendments (opens in a new tab).

780 CMR 1804.1 and 1803.5.7

Digging may not take support from your foundation

Excavation may not reduce vertical or lateral support for an adjacent foundation unless that foundation is first underpinned or protected. Where support will be reduced, a registered design professional assesses the structure, including by examining it, and sets out the support, details and sequence of work. If underpinning is used, its sequence is shown in the approved construction documents.

Exact text

1804.1 Excavation for any purpose shall not reduce vertical or lateral support for any foundation or adjacent foundation without first underpinning or protecting the foundation against detrimental lateral or vertical movement, or both, in accordance with Section 1803.5.7.

1803.5.7 Where excavation will reduce support from any foundation, a registered design professional shall prepare an assessment of the structure as determined from examination of the structure, available design documents, available subsurface data, and, if necessary, excavation of test pits. The registered design professional shall determine the requirements for support and protection of any existing foundation and prepare site-specific plans, details and sequence of work for submission. Such support shall be provided by underpinning, bracing, excavation retention systems, or by other means acceptable to the building official.

1804.2.1 Underpinning shall be installed in a sequential manner that protects the neighboring structure and the working construction site. The sequence of installation shall be identified in the approved construction documents.

2021 IBC text. The Massachusetts Chapter 18 amendments leave these sections unchanged. Source: 2021 IBC 1804 (opens in a new tab), 2021 IBC 1803.5.7 (opens in a new tab), 780 CMR Ch. 18 amendments (opens in a new tab).

780 CMR 1805.5

Below-grade work may not change groundwater levels in a way that harms neighbors

This one is a Massachusetts addition to the code. Below-grade structures, their appurtenances and foundation drains have to be designed and built so they do not change the groundwater level, during construction or after, where that could harm nearby structures. The rule names deterioration of timber piles.

Exact text

1805.5 Below-grade structures, their appurtenances and foundation drains shall be designed and constructed so as not to cause changes to the temporary or permanent groundwater level if such changes could adversely impact nearby structures or facilities including deterioration of timber piles, settlement, flooding or other impacts.

Massachusetts amendment, added to the 2021 IBC in the Tenth Edition. Source: 780 CMR Ch. 18 amendments (opens in a new tab).

Boston Municipal Code 16-26.4

In Boston, construction hours are 7 a.m. to 6 p.m. on weekdays

Building and excavation work in Boston is limited to 7:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. on weekdays. Work outside those hours needs an Off Hours Permit from the Inspectional Services Department, and the city publishes the permits it issues.

Exact text

16-26.4 No erection, demolition, alteration, or repair of any building and excavation in regard thereto, except between the hours of 7:00 a.m. and 6:00 p.m., on weekdays or except in the interest of public safety or welfare, upon the issuance of and pursuant to an Off Hours Permit from the Commissioner, Inspectional Services Department, which may be renewed for one or more periods of not exceeding one week each.

First sentence of the ordinance, as printed on the city's Off Hours Permit application. Source: Off Hours Permit form (opens in a new tab), Boston: construction noise (opens in a new tab), Off-hours permits (open data) (opens in a new tab).

780 CMR 115.1

The building official can stop unsafe work

If work is being done against the code, or in a dangerous or unsafe way, the building official can order it stopped. In Boston that is the Inspectional Services Department.

Exact text

115.1 Whenever the building official finds any work regulated by 780 CMR being performed in a manner either contrary to the provisions of 780 CMR or dangerous or unsafe, the building official is authorized to issue a stop work order.

Massachusetts Chapter 1, which replaces the IBC's administrative chapter. Source: 780 CMR Ch. 1 (opens in a new tab), Boston ISD (opens in a new tab).

What the code leaves open

Access
None of these sections gives the builder a right to enter your property, or you a right to enter the site. Access for a survey, or for instruments on your wall, is agreed, and it is best agreed in writing.
Who pays if something goes wrong
That is a legal question, not a code one. Massachusetts courts have ruled on excavation next door for more than a century. In Gilmore v. Driscoll, 122 Mass. 199 (1877) (opens in a new tab), the Supreme Judicial Court treated land in its natural state differently from the buildings on it. A lawyer can tell you how the law applies to your building today.
Houses
Detached one- and two-family houses and townhouses of up to three stories are built under the code’s residential volume, 780 CMR 51.00 (780 CMR R101.2 (opens in a new tab)). If that is what is going up next door, ask the building department which protections apply to the project.
Timing
These are Tenth Edition provisions, the only edition for permit applications filed after June 30, 2025. A project permitted before then may be under the ninth edition (780 CMR 102 (opens in a new tab)).

Permits, notices and the city’s review steps for below-grade work are covered in Boston below-grade permits. The building permit for the site next door is public: look it up by address in the city’s approved building permits (opens in a new tab) data.

02 · Ask in writing

What to ask the builder for

Ask early, ideally when the notice letter arrives, and ask in writing, so there is a record of what you asked for and what you were told. A well-run project will have most of this already, because the code or the engineer’s design calls for it.

  1. The support-of-excavation design

    Ask for
    The drawings and sequence for the wall or bracing that will hold the ground next to your building, and the name of the engineer who designed them.
    Why
    The code requires a registered design professional to design it, with monitoring built in. The drawings show how close and how deep the dig comes. (780 CMR 3307.2 (opens in a new tab))
    Also
    Check whether anything is planned on or under your property: tiebacks that run under your lot, underpinning of your footing, instruments fixed to your wall. Each is something the builder should agree with you in writing before work starts.

  2. A pre-construction condition survey of your building

    Ask for
    A dated survey before any demolition, excavation or pile work: photos and video inside and out, existing cracks mapped and measured, doors and windows that already stick, and floor levels where they matter. Ask who will do it, when, and for a copy.
    Why
    It is how anyone tells new damage from old. Without one, every crack turns into an argument.
    Also
    Walk through with the surveyor, point out what you already know about, and take your own dated photos the same week.

  3. Vibration and movement monitoring

    Ask for
    What will be measured on or near your building (vibration, tilt, settlement points, crack gauges, groundwater), the thresholds the engineer has set, how often it is read, and who gets the readings. Ask to be on the list.
    Why
    The code requires the support design to include monitoring of adjacent structures for horizontal and vertical movement. (780 CMR 3307.2 (opens in a new tab))
    Also
    Ask what happens when a reading crosses a threshold: who is told, how quickly, and whether work pauses.

  4. The schedule and working hours

    Ask for
    The excavation start date, when the noisiest and most vibrating work happens (demolition, piles or sheeting, digging, underpinning), how long any pumping of groundwater lasts, and the daily hours.
    Why
    The written notice has to arrive at least 10 days before excavation starts. In Boston, work runs 7 a.m. to 6 p.m. on weekdays unless the city issues an Off Hours Permit. (780 CMR 3307.1 (opens in a new tab); Boston Code 16-26.4 (opens in a new tab))

  5. A named contact

    Ask for
    One person, by name, with a phone number and email who answers during working hours, and an after-hours number. Also the site superintendent's name and the engineer responsible for monitoring.
    Why
    When something changes you want a person, not a switchboard.

  6. Insurance certificates

    Ask for
    A current certificate of liability insurance for the builder, and for the excavation or shoring contractor if that is a different company. You can ask for the certificate to be issued to you as certificate holder.
    Why
    It certifies that the listed policies were issued for the periods shown. On its own, it does not do more than that. (ACORD 25 form (opens in a new tab))
    Also
    The standard form says it is “issued as a matter of information only and confers no rights upon the certificate holder.” Being an additional insured takes policy provisions or an endorsement. Ask your own insurance agent what, if anything, you should request.

  7. Who to call about damage, and how

    Ask for
    In writing, before work starts: how to report damage and to whom, how quickly someone will come to look, who assesses it, and how a claim is handled.
    Why
    Agreeing the process while everyone is calm saves weeks later.

03 · Normal or worrying

What is normal, what is not, and what to do

Some disturbance comes with living next to a construction site. The survey and the monitoring are there to tell the ordinary from the important.

Watch

Usual next to a construction site

Keep an eye on these, and on the monitoring readings.

  • Noise and dust during working hours.
  • Vibration you can feel while piles, sheeting or rock are being worked. Feeling it does not by itself mean damage; the monitoring readings are how it gets judged.
  • Hairline cracks that the survey recorded and that are not changing.

Report

Report in writing the same day

Not an emergency, but not something to wait on.

  • New cracks, or old ones that get longer or wider.
  • Doors or windows that start to stick or stop latching.
  • Water where there was none: basement seepage, a damp party wall, a sump that suddenly runs.
  • Floors that start to tilt, or new gaps at baseboards, stairs or ceilings.
  • Settlement outside: steps, walks or a patio near the lot line dropping or pulling away.
  • Plaster or mortar falling, or new creaking from the structure.

Act now

Emergency: get out, call 911

If a structure is moving or at risk of collapse.

  • A wall, chimney or party wall visibly moving, bulging or leaning.
  • Cracks opening while you watch, or loud cracking from the structure.
  • Part of the excavation next to your building collapsing, or your foundation exposed.
  • A smell of gas.

If a structure is moving or at risk of collapse, it is an emergency.

Get everyone out, keep people away from the wall and the excavation, and call 911. Then work through the steps below.

Call 911

What to do when you see something

  1. Document it

    Take dated photos and video with something in the frame for scale. Mark each end of a crack in pencil with the date, so you can see if it grows. Note the time and what work was going on next door.

  2. Tell the builder in writing

    Email the named contact, attach the photos, and ask for their engineer to check the monitoring and your building. Keep copies of everything you send and receive.

  3. Contact Boston ISD

    Call the Inspectional Services Department at 617-635-5300 or email ISD@boston.gov (Monday to Friday, 8 a.m. to 4 p.m.), or call 311 or 617-635-4500 at any hour. The BOS:311 app takes photos.

    Call ISD · Email ISD · Call 311. The building official can stop work that is contrary to the code or unsafe (780 CMR 115.1 (opens in a new tab)). Contacts: boston.gov/isd (opens in a new tab), Boston 311 (opens in a new tab).

  4. Get your own advice

    Tell your own insurer. If the damage is real, an independent structural engineer and a lawyer can tell you where you stand.

Builders and GCs: if the moving wall is your excavation, see emergency shoring.

04 · Back Bay, the South End and GCOD areas

On filled land, groundwater matters as much as the wall

The City of Boston lists Beacon Hill, Back Bay, the South End, Fenway, Bay Village, Chinatown, Fort Point Channel, the North End, East Boston and the Leather District among the neighborhoods “supported by wood pile foundations that depend on stable groundwater levels to remain structurally sound” (City of Boston (opens in a new tab)).

Wood kept under groundwater can last for centuries. If the water drops and the tops of the piles are exposed to air, they can decay, and the building above can settle (Boston Groundwater Trust (opens in a new tab)).

Water above the pile topsWood kept under groundwater can last for centuries.GroundwaterWood underwater keeps
Water above the pile tops. Wood kept under groundwater can last for centuries.
Water below the pile topsExposed to air, the tops can decay and the building above can settle.GroundwaterTops in aircan decay
Water below the pile tops. Exposed to air, the tops can decay and the building above can settle.

Schematic, not to scale.

Two rules speak to this. Statewide, the building code says below-grade structures and their foundation drains must not change the groundwater level where that could harm nearby structures, and it names deterioration of timber piles (780 CMR 1805.5 (opens in a new tab)). In Boston, Article 32 of the zoning code created the Groundwater Conservation Overlay District (GCOD) “to protect wood pile foundations of buildings from being damaged by lowered groundwater levels” (City of Boston (opens in a new tab)).

Check an address on the GCOD mapWhat the GCOD asks of a project

Add these to your list in these neighborhoods

  • Groundwater readings near your building: a baseline before any pumping, then readings during and after. Ask where the observation wells are and who reads them.
  • The dewatering plan: whether groundwater will be pumped, for how long, and how the design keeps levels outside the site from dropping.
  • What is already on record: the Boston Groundwater Trust publishes its observation-well readings by address and, for some buildings, the foundation type and pile cut-off elevation (Boston Groundwater Trust (opens in a new tab)).

Area notes: Back Bay · Beacon Hill

05 · Print it

A checklist to print and fill in

One page (two on some printers). The button prints the checklist on its own, without the rest of the guide.

Ticks on screen are not saved. Print it to keep a copy.

Neighbor excavation checklist

Checked September 2026

Your address
Project address
Builder or general contractor
Named contact (name, phone, email)
Engineer of record
Before excavation starts
While work is going on
If something changes

Boston ISD
617-635-5300 · ISD@boston.gov

Boston 311
311 or 617-635-4500, any hour

Emergency
Moving structure or collapse risk: 911

From earthsupportcorp.com/guides/neighbor-excavating · Checked September 2026. This is general information, not legal advice.

06 · Forward this page

A note you can paste to the builder

Send it to the builder, the general contractor or the developer, whoever signed the notice. Fill in the brackets.

Hello,


I am writing about [your building's address], next to your project at [project address]. Before excavation starts, could you send me the following in writing?


1. The support-of-excavation drawings and sequence for the side next to my building, and the name of the engineer who designed them.

2. The plan and date for a pre-construction condition survey of my building, and a copy of the report.

3. The monitoring plan: what will be measured on or near my building, the thresholds, how often it is read, and whether I can receive the readings.

4. The schedule, including the excavation start date and the working hours.

5. A named contact with a phone number, and an after-hours number.

6. A current certificate of liability insurance.

7. How to report damage, and who will come to look.


Under the Massachusetts building code (780 CMR 3307.1), written notice to the owners of adjoining buildings is due at least 10 days before excavation starts. I am glad to arrange access for the survey.


Thank you,

[Your name, phone]

07 · If you’re the builder

Doing this up front costs less than a dispute or a stoppage

Every item on the list above is cheaper to settle before mobilization than to argue about later. A notice letter that goes out on time, a survey before the first pile or bucket, monitoring with agreed thresholds and readings the neighbor can see, and one named contact keep complaints to the building department down, and with them the risk of a stop-work order.

Earth Support is a subcontractor for shoring, underpinning, tiebacks and drilling, working for builders, general contractors, developers and engineers. We don’t do condition surveys or vibration monitoring; independent firms do. When we are the shoring subcontractor, we coordinate with the engineer of record on where the monitoring points go and the sequence the work follows, and we build to their design.

Building next to someone? Send us the address and drawings.

We quote support of excavation, underpinning and tiebacks as a subcontractor, built to the engineer of record’s design.

Send us the address and drawings

Or email plans to bids@earthsupportcorp.com

Common questions

Does my neighbor's builder have to tell me before they excavate?

For most projects, yes. The Massachusetts building code, 780 CMR 3307.1, says whoever makes or causes an excavation must give the owners of adjoining buildings written notice, delivered at least 10 days before the scheduled start of excavation. Work on one- and two-family houses falls under the code's separate residential volume, so for that kind of project ask the building department which rules apply.

What does the building code require to protect my building?

Adjoining property must be protected from damage, including footings, foundations and party walls (780 CMR 3307.1). Excavation may not reduce support for an adjacent foundation unless it is first underpinned or protected (1804.1). A registered design professional must design the support system, including monitoring of adjacent structures for movement (3307.2).

Do I have to let the builder's engineer into my building?

Nothing in the code sections on this page requires it, and they give the builder no right to enter. But where digging will reduce support for a foundation, the code has a registered design professional assess the structure, working from an examination of it (780 CMR 1803.5.7), and a survey protects you too. Agree to access in writing: who comes, when, what they record, and that you get a copy.

What is a pre-construction condition survey?

It is a dated record of your building before work starts: photos and video inside and out, existing cracks mapped and measured, and doors, windows and floors noted. It is how anyone later tells new damage from old. Ask the builder whether one is planned for your building, who will do it, and when you will get a copy.

How much vibration or movement is too much?

There is no single number for every building. The project's engineer sets the limits for the monitoring the code requires (780 CMR 3307.2.2), often as a warning level and a stop level. Ask what the limits are for your building, who reads the instruments, and what happens when a reading crosses one.

Who do I call in Boston if I see new cracks?

Photograph and date the cracks, then tell the builder's named contact in writing. You can also contact Boston's Inspectional Services Department at 617-635-5300 or ISD@boston.gov, or call 311 at any hour. If a wall is moving or anything looks close to collapse, get everyone out and call 911.

Can they work at night or on weekends?

Not without a permit. Boston Municipal Code 16-26.4 limits building and excavation work to 7:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. on weekdays; work outside those hours needs an Off Hours Permit from the Inspectional Services Department. The city publishes its off-hours permits, and if you cannot find one for the site, you can report the work to 311.

Does being named on the builder's insurance certificate protect me?

Not by itself. The standard certificate form says it is issued as a matter of information only and confers no rights upon the certificate holder. It certifies that the listed policies were issued for the periods shown. Additional insured status takes policy provisions or an endorsement. Ask your own insurance agent or lawyer what you need.

What is different in Back Bay and the South End?

Many buildings there stand on wood piles, which can last for centuries under groundwater but can decay once exposed to air. Massachusetts code says below-grade work must not change groundwater levels where that could harm nearby structures, naming deterioration of timber piles (780 CMR 1805.5). Boston's Groundwater Conservation Overlay District adds its own zoning rules.

Does Earth Support do condition surveys or vibration monitoring?

No. Those come from independent survey and monitoring firms that the project hires. Earth Support is a shoring and underpinning subcontractor to builders and general contractors. When we are on a job, we build to the engineer of record's design and coordinate with the engineer on monitoring points and sequence.

Sources

Checked September 2026: every source below was read at the address shown. Code text is quoted as printed. Massachusetts posts its amendments as unofficial copies; the official text comes from the Secretary of the Commonwealth. This is general information, not legal advice. It is not a substitute for the code, the building department, your own engineer or a lawyer.

  1. Tenth edition of the MA State Building Code, 780 CMR (opens in a new tab)

    Mass.gov, Board of Building Regulations and Standards

    https://www.mass.gov/handbook/tenth-edition-of-the-ma-state-building-code-780

  2. 780 CMR Tenth Edition, Chapter 1: Scope and administration (101.1 adoption of the 2021 IBC, 101.2 scope, 102 concurrency period, 115.1 stop work order) (opens in a new tab)

    Mass.gov

    https://www.mass.gov/regulations/780-CMR-tenth-edition-chapter-1-scope-and-administration-of-amendments

  3. 780 CMR Tenth Edition, Chapter 33: Safeguards During Construction (Massachusetts amendments; Section 3307 is not amended) (opens in a new tab)

    Mass.gov

    https://www.mass.gov/regulations/780-CMR-tenth-edition-chapter-33-safeguards-during-construction

  4. 2021 International Building Code, Section 3307.1 Protection required (opens in a new tab)

    International Code Council, free public access

    https://codes.iccsafe.org/content/IBC2021P1/chapter-33-safeguards-during-construction#IBC2021P1_Ch33_Sec3307.1

  5. 2021 International Building Code, Sections 3307.2 to 3307.2.3 Excavation retention systems (opens in a new tab)

    International Code Council, free public access

    https://codes.iccsafe.org/content/IBC2021P1/chapter-33-safeguards-during-construction#IBC2021P1_Ch33_Sec3307.2

  6. 780 CMR Tenth Edition, Chapter 18: Soils and Foundations (Massachusetts amendments, including 1805.5) (opens in a new tab)

    Mass.gov

    https://www.mass.gov/regulations/780-CMR-tenth-edition-chapter-18-soils-and-foundation-amendments

  7. 2021 International Building Code, Section 1804 Excavation, grading and fill (1804.1, 1804.2.1) (opens in a new tab)

    International Code Council, free public access

    https://codes.iccsafe.org/content/IBC2021P1/chapter-18-soils-and-foundations#IBC2021P1_Ch18_Sec1804.1

  8. 2021 International Building Code, Section 1803.5.7 Excavation near foundations (opens in a new tab)

    International Code Council, free public access

    https://codes.iccsafe.org/content/IBC2021P1/chapter-18-soils-and-foundations#IBC2021P1_Ch18_Sec1803.5.7

  9. 780 CMR 51.00 Massachusetts Residential Code, Chapter R1: Scope and application (R101.2) (opens in a new tab)

    Mass.gov

    https://www.mass.gov/regulations/780-CMR-tenth-edition-residential-chapter-1-scope-and-application-amendments

  10. Off Hours Permit application, quoting Boston Municipal Code 16-26.4, Regulation of Construction Hours (opens in a new tab)

    City of Boston, Inspectional Services Department

    https://www.boston.gov/sites/default/files/file/2025/10/Off%20Hours%20Permit%202025%20final.pdf

  11. Noise in Boston: who to contact about building construction (opens in a new tab)

    City of Boston

    https://www.boston.gov/government/cabinets/boston-public-health-commission/healthy-homes-and-environment/noise-boston

  12. Inspectional Services Department (opens in a new tab)

    City of Boston

    https://www.boston.gov/departments/inspectional-services

  13. Boston 311 (opens in a new tab)

    City of Boston

    https://www.boston.gov/departments/boston-311

  14. Approved Building Permits (open data) (opens in a new tab)

    City of Boston, Analyze Boston

    https://data.boston.gov/dataset/approved-building-permits

  15. After Hours Construction permits (open data) (opens in a new tab)

    City of Boston, Analyze Boston

    https://data.boston.gov/dataset/after-hours-construction

  16. Boston Zoning Groundwater Conservation Overlay District (GCOD), Article 32 (opens in a new tab)

    City of Boston, Analyze Boston

    https://data.boston.gov/dataset/zoning-groundwater-conservation-overlay-district-gcod

  17. 40 Years Beneath the Surface: Honoring the Boston Groundwater Trust (opens in a new tab)

    City of Boston, City Council

    https://www.boston.gov/news/40-years-beneath-surface-honoring-boston-groundwater-trust

  18. Preserving Boston's first deep foundations: overview (opens in a new tab)

    Boston Groundwater Trust

    https://www.bostongroundwater.org/overview

  19. Groundwater and building foundation data (opens in a new tab)

    Boston Groundwater Trust

    https://www.bostongroundwater.org/groundwater-building-foundation-data

  20. Gilmore v. Driscoll, 122 Mass. 199 (1877) (opens in a new tab)

    Supreme Judicial Court of Massachusetts, via the Caselaw Access Project

    https://case.law/caselaw/?reporter=mass&volume=122&case=0199-01

  21. ACORD 25 Certificate of Liability Insurance (2016/03), form text (opens in a new tab)

    Copy published by the Texas Department of Insurance

    https://www.tdi.texas.gov/certificates/documentcr/s21357a.pdf

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